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عنوان فارسی مقاله:

بررسی تکنولوژی باتری در حال ظهور برای ذخیره انرژی متصل به شبکه با ارزیابی فناوری ساختاری

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Exploring emerging battery technology for grid-connected energy storage with Constructive Technology Assessment

سال انتشار : 2016

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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

2. Constructive Technology Assessment: an approach to analyze emerging technologies and market uncertainties

 According to Robinson (2010), CTA focuses on the wider interaction of the broad range of actors (including society) that have a “stake” in the development, deployment and use of new technology fields. This approach is based on theory of sociotechnical systems. In this theory technology is viewed as part of a seamless web of highly related heterogenic elements, such as organizations, institutions, resources, scientific elements and legislation. Societal functions such as transport and energy supply are results of such clusters of heterogenic elements which can be named socio-technical system (Geels, 2005). In order to understand how technological development takes place in an existing or changing socio-technical system, multi-actor dynamics have to be taken into account (van Merkerk and van Lente, 2005; Parandian, 2012). Technological development, in its core, is a process driven by the decisions of the actors involved. In the early phases of technological development it is hard, if not impossible, to accurately anticipate the technical and economic impacts that a technology may have. Decisions are made in a context of uncertainty. Therefore, decisions are based on a system of beliefs: visions and expectations held to be true by the actors, but with little basis in reliable facts (van Lente, 2012). Emerging technologies and changes in science do not pre-exist themselves. Rather, their potential is shaped by expectations and visions. These two factors are told to play a significant role in mobilizing resources on a macro level (e.g. national policy through regulation and research patronage), the meso level of industry sectors, and at a micro level within engineering and research groups and in the work of single engineers or researchers (Borup et al., 2006). Despite this context of uncertainty, it is important to make decisions in the early development phases. This is because technology is still malleable in early development, but loses this quality during development due to a process called entrenchment. This is related to the powercontrol dilemma, first posited by Collingridge (1980) and described by Berkhout (2002, p.3) as follows: “During the development irreversibilities can arise that set the technology on a certain trajectory that determines the outcomes of technological change. …. This dilemma describes a double bind on technological development because, on one side, one only has the opportunity to steer technological change in the early development of technology, before entrenchment has set in, but on the other hand, one only has the knowledge to know how to influence technological change in the late development of technology, when it is already too late.” Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) offers an opportunity to account for this dilemma by broadening the design of new technologies through feedback from technology assessment activities into the development process. CTA involves the identification of stakeholder expectations, and ultimately aims at aligning these expectations to influence, rather than assess, technological development (Schot and Rip, 1997; van Merkerk, 2008).

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کلمات کلیدی:

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