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عنوان فارسی مقاله:

بازنگری سیاست های صنعتی: درس های آموخته شده از تاسیس OEM در پرتغال

عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Revisiting industrial policy: Lessons learned from the establishment of an automotive OEM in Portugal

سال انتشار : 2016

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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

4. Research setting and methodology

 Studying the automotive supply chain and the underlying dynamics of technological capacitation requires a research setting in which we analyse not only how technological knowledge was originally accumulated in the Portuguese automotive industry, but also how the existing technological knowledge has leveraged into new collaborations. We chose the case of VW Autoeuropa for several reasons. First, we wanted to focus on one OEM establishment to explore the role of policy frameworks in fostering technological capacity. Second, Autoeuropa accounted in 2014 for 3.7% of all exports of the country and had an impact of 1% in the Portuguese GDP (Autoeuropa, 2016), which makes it a relevant example for the study of small and peripheral economies, deprived of significant R&D activities, and integrated into the global automotive production networks (Veloso et al., 2000; Almodovar and Teixeira, 2014). Also, due to OEM's reputation for enhancing domestic suppliers' performance through standards implementation and information sharing, we expected well-established routines and practises to shape the relationship with suppliers. Finally, Autoeuropa established its plants in 1995, which made availability of secondary data not an issue. In fact, we were able to complement our secondary qualitative data with interviews and press coverage. We follow a longitudinal case study approach (Eisenhardt, 1989), developing a historical perspective to improve our understanding of the events as they unfolded over time. Data on Portuguese automotive parts1 exports/imports was drawn from the Observatory of Economic Complexity—OEC (OEC, 2015). Data on human capital was drawn from Quadros de Pessoal (hereafter termed QP)—a Portuguese longitudinal matched employer–employee database built from mandatory information submitted by firms to the Portuguese Ministry for Employment and Social Security. It includes extensive information on private firms, establishments and workers in the Portuguese economy for the period 1985–2012. This study uses longitudinal data on employees to characterise the evolution of the automotive industry in Palmela. The task of identifying the automotive sector through the economic activity codes faced several limitations. Firms that contribute to the automotive supply chain do not have to be registered (through a NACE code—termed CAE code in Portugal) 2 in this sector of activity. The reason for this codification issue might result from several factors. For instance, if firms' current or past activities are not exclusively focused on the automotive sector, companies can be registered in a completely different sector. Also, during the period under observation, Portuguese standard industry classification codes underwent four changes3 , requiring correspondences between old and new ones. It is noteworthy that no data is available on the individuals (workers) in years 1990 and 2001. Also, data on companies for the years 1999 and 2000 could not be validated and therefore was discarded. In order to prevent and overcome the previously mentioned limitations, we conducted semi-structured interviews, from June 2014 to March 2015, with 13 experts to gain a better comprehension about the automotive sector. Appendix C presents detailed information of the interviews we conducted, the titles of the informants, the estimated number of years that they have worked at each establishment, and fi- nally the type and location of the organisation. The interviews ranged from 60 to 150 min and covered the context in which Autoeuropa emerged in Portugal, as well as the technical issues encountered in developing technological capabilities. Overall, the process was highly iterative. We consulted multiple data sources that studied the automotive industry in Portugal. The collected information was not only internal (company reports and organisation charts), but also external (specialised technical papers, theses, books, newspaper articles, case studies and industry reports properly referenced throughout this article). This material provided a unique description of the environment and firm-specific conditions that favoured the development of technological capabilities in the Portuguese automotive sector. We also found historical and technical details on the automotive industry in Portugal and on the Autoeuropa case (Selada and Felizardo, 2002). This case provided a detailed, consistent chronology of the crucial events and factors that shaped the evolution of the automotive industry in Portugal, as well as the role that Autoeuropa played in that process. The combination of several distinct data collections—databases, interviews, company reports, companies websites, academic literature—reduces the validation problems, as well as potential bias of historical analyses, while helping to identify converging lines (Yin, 1994). This combination allowed us to identify more accurately some factors that have favoured the accumulation of technological capability in the automotive supply chain, reducing the risk of giving importance to historical events based on the knowledge of outcomes. Furthermore, interviews helped to reconstruct more precisely how the automotive capabilities in Portugal have evolved over the last 20 years.

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کلمات کلیدی:

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